Medical misinformation poses a threat to health climate-related conspiracy theories pose a threat to the environment. In 2016, a man opened fire in a restaurant in Washington, D.C., looking for a basement in which children were supposedly held prisoners: that was a fake news/conspiracy theory, known as Pizzagate. The term “fake news” became ubiquitous during the 2016 US presidential elections, being used by liberals against right-wing media and, notably, by the then candidate Donald Trump against critical news outlets such as CNN.ĭossier: Disinformation-January 2019 (663,33 kB) In 1898, the USS Maine exploded for unclear causes, but American newspapers pointed to Spain, contributing to the start of a Spanish-American War.Ī Council of Europe report highlights that more recently, thanks to the Internet and social media, everyone can create and distribute content in real-time. In 1835, The Sun of New York published 6 articles about the discovery of life on the Moon, in what is now remembered as the “Great Moon Hoax”. Overtime developments in technology, such as the invention of the printing press, enabled a faster, easier diffusion of information, including disinformation. “Fake news” and disinformation themselves are even older: a short history by the International Center for Journalists cites Octavian’s propaganda campaign against Mark Antony as an ancient example. In a 1894 illustration by Frederick Burr Opper, a reporter is seen running to bring “fake news” to the desk. The term “fake news” in itself is not new at all. Source: The fin de siècle newspaper proprietor by Frederick Burr Opper
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